The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.